Bitcoin fell more than 10 per cent on Wednesday to a one-week low of US$15,800 at cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp, losing almost one-fifth of its value from a peak hit just three days ago.
The digital currency has been sliding since it reached a record high of US$19,666 on Sunday, when the exchange giant CME Group launched bitcoin futures, one week after its rival Cboe Global Markets listed the world's first bitcoin futures.
"The listing of two bitcoin futures makes it easier for institutional players to trade bitcoins. Futures also enable players to go short on bitcoins, which was difficult without liquid futures," said Makoto Sakuma, researcher at NLI Research Institute in Tokyo.
The bitcoin's monumental gains this year - its price has soared about 19 times - have spurred caution and alarm among some policymakers.
Singapore's central bank on Tuesday issued a warning against investment in cryptocurrencies, saying it considers the recent surge in their prices to be driven by speculation and that the risk of a sharp fall in prices is high.
South Korea's Financial Supervisory Service said on Tuesday it does not consider bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies to be currencies of any kind.
Japanese Finance Minister Taro Aso said on Tuesday that bitcoin had not been proven as a credible currency.
However, for Japanese retail investors who are estimated to account for 30 to 50 per cent of bitcoin trade worldwide, a more worrying warning may have come from a Japanese day trader guru known as Cis.
The individual trader, who claims to own 21 billion yen (138.81 million pounds) in assets, tweeted over the last 24 hours that he had sold cryptocurrencies.
"Given that he has a lot of followers, his tweets could have had an impact on Japanese traders, which in turn could have moved the market," Sakuma said.
Bitcoin has since pared some of the losses and last traded at US$16,939, down 4.3 per cent for the day.
Its decline since Sunday is hardly a major correction for digital currency. In November, it tumbled almost 30 per cent in four days from US$7,888 to US$5,555. In September, it fell 40 per cent from US$4,979 to US$2,972.
Many financial professionals have said bitcoin, which now has market capitalisation of about US$275 billion, slightly bigger than Visa, is a typical bubble, given how small the actual number of transactions are.
The market is highly inefficient, with bitcoin futures trading much above cash bitcoins while the gaps of price quotes between various exchanges are also very large, they say.
(Reporting by Hideyuki Sano; Editing by Richard Borsuk)
